Pets are naturally curious, often exploring their surroundings with their noses and mouths. While some of this curiosity can be harmless, certain plants can pose serious risks to your dog or cat. Many common plants contain toxic substances that can cause a range of symptoms, from mild irritation to severe, life-threatening conditions.

Dr Rebecca Coote, Veterinary Manager at VetPartners in New Zealand, explains that most plants toxic to pets require ingestion to cause harm – meaning your pet needs to eat the plant for it to be a problem. However, some plants can still be dangerous even without being ingested. For instance, lilies can be toxic to pets, particularly cats, when they come into contact with the plant and then lick the pollen off their fur.

Understanding which plants are dangerous and how to protect your pets is essential for keeping them safe. Here are some of the most common plants that are toxic to pets, along with pet- friendly alternatives.

Toxic plants for dogs and cats

1. Lilies

Every part of the lily plant is highly toxic, especially to cats. Even a small amount ingested can result in severe kidney damage and can be fatal if not treated quickly.

Pet-friendly option: Sunflowers

2. Sago Palm

Every part of the Sago Palm, especially the seeds, contains cycasin, a toxin that can cause liver failure and death.

Pet-friendly option: Kentia palm

3. Bulbs (such as Tulips)

While all parts of these plants can cause illness, the bulbs are the most toxic. Ingesting them can result in gastrointestinal upset, as well as heart and breathing problems.

Pet-friendly option: Orchids

4. Oleander

Oleander contains toxins that affect the heart. Even a small amount can be deadly to both dogs and cats if ingested.

Pet-friendly option: Lilly pillies

5. Aloe Vera

While it has healing properties for humans, aloe vera can be toxic to pets if ingested. The gel inside the plant is less toxic than the outer parts, however all parts can cause health issues.

Pet-friendly option: Spider plant

6. Rhododendrons

As well as Azaleas are popular flowering plants containing grayanotoxins, which can be dangerous. In severe cases, ingestion may result in coma or death.

Pet-friendly option: Magnolias

7. Dieffenbachia

Contains insoluble calcium oxalates that can cause intense oral pain, swelling, and irritation in pets. While not usually fatal, it can cause significant discomfort and difficulty eating.

Pet-friendly option: Cast iron plant

8. Ivy

Ivy can cause gastrointestinal upset when ingested by pets. The leaves are the most dangerous part, however the berries can also cause illness.

Pet-friendly option: Hoya silver pink vine

9. Chrysanthemums

Contain toxins that can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, drooling, and loss of coordination in dogs and cats if ingested. Even small amounts can lead to gastrointestinal upset.

Pet-friendly option: Snapdragons

10. Cyclamen

Contains saponins, which can cause vomiting and diarrhoea in dogs and cats. Larger amounts may cause seizures and heart issues.

Pet-friendly option: African violet

11. Amaryllis

Contains lycorine, which can cause vomiting, drooling, diarrhoea, and abdominal pain if ingested. In severe cases, pets may also experience tremors, decreased appetite, and lethargy.

Pet-friendly option: African daisy

12. Eucalyptus

Eucalyptus oil can be harmful to pets if consumed. Ingestion may lead to gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhoea, lethargy, weakness, and seizures.

Pet-friendly option: Areca Palm

This list isn’t a comprehensive list of plants that are poisonous to pets. For a more extensive list, visit the ASPCA’s website, where you’ll find detailed lists of toxic and non-toxic plants for dogs, and cats.

Other hazards in the garden

In addition to poisonous plants, there are several other common garden and backyard items that can be harmful to pets.

  • Plant and lawn fertilizers: Fertilizers containing bone meal, blood meal, or iron can be fatal for pets if ingested.
  • Compost piles: Especially those with mouldy food scraps, compost can contain toxins that can be fatal for pets.
  • Gardening tools: Sharp tools can easily cause injuries if pets come into contact with them, so store them securely and out of reach.
  • Rat and insect poison: These poisons are designed to be lethal to pests but can be equally toxic to pets if consumed, leading to serious or fatal reactions.
  • Fruit seeds and stones: Fallen fruit may attract pets; however stems, seeds, and stones can contain toxins or cause choking and tooth fractures.

Always supervise your pets outdoors and keep hazardous items out of reach.

Signs of plant poisoning in pets

If you suspect your pet has been poisoned by a plant, watch out for these common signs:

  • Vomiting or diarrhoea
  • Excessive drooling
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Lethargy or weakness
  • Loss of appetite
  • Increased drinking and urinating
  • Seizures or muscle twitching
  • Swelling or irritation around the mouth

If you notice any of these signs, it’s crucial to act quickly. Take them straight to your vet or emergency hospital or call the NZ Animal Poisons Helpline on 0800 TOX PET (0800 869 738).

While plants can beautify our homes and gardens, they can also present hidden dangers to our pets. By being aware of the toxic plants around you and taking steps to protect your pets, you can prevent accidental poisonings and keep your furry friend safe and healthy. If you ever suspect your dog or cat has ingested a poisonous plant, always seek veterinary care immediately.